//! 特定于 Unix 的 [`std::fs`] 模块中的原语扩展。
//!
//! [`std::fs`]: crate::fs

#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]

use super::platform::fs::MetadataExt as _;
use crate::fs::{self, OpenOptions, Permissions};
use crate::io;
use crate::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd};
use crate::path::Path;
use crate::sys;
use crate::sys_common::{AsInner, AsInnerMut, FromInner};
// 用于文档内链接上的 `File::read`
use crate::ffi::OsStr;
use crate::sealed::Sealed;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use io::{Read, Write};

/// 特定于 Unix 的 [`fs::File`] 扩展。
#[stable(feature = "file_offset", since = "1.15.0")]
pub trait FileExt {
    /// 从给定的偏移量开始读取多个字节。
    ///
    /// 返回读取的字节数。
    ///
    /// 偏移量相对于文件的开始，因此独立于当前游标。
    ///
    ///
    /// 当前文件游标不受此函数影响。
    ///
    /// 请注意，类似于 [`File::read`]，短读返回不会出错。
    ///
    /// [`File::read`]: fs::File::read
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::io;
    /// use std::fs::File;
    /// use std::os::unix::prelude::FileExt;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
    ///     let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
    ///
    ///     // 现在，我们从偏移量 10 读取 8 个字节。
    ///     let num_bytes_read = file.read_at(&mut buf, 10)?;
    ///     println!("read {} bytes: {:?}", num_bytes_read, buf);
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    #[stable(feature = "file_offset", since = "1.15.0")]
    fn read_at(&self, buf: &mut [u8], offset: u64) -> io::Result<usize>;

    /// 从给定的偏移量读取填充 `buf` 所需的确切字节数。
    ///
    /// 偏移量相对于文件的开始，因此独立于当前游标。
    ///
    /// 当前文件游标不受此函数影响。
    ///
    /// 与 [`io::Read::read_exact`] 相似，但使用 [`read_at`] 代替 `read`。
    ///
    /// [`read_at`]: FileExt::read_at
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// 如果此函数遇到 [`io::ErrorKind::Interrupted`] 类型的错误，则该错误将被忽略，并且操作将继续。
    ///
    /// 如果此函数在完全填充缓冲区之前遇到 "end of file"，它将返回 [`io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`] 类型的错误。
    /// 在这种情况下，`buf` 的内容未指定。
    ///
    /// 如果遇到任何其他读取错误，则此函数立即返回。在这种情况下，`buf` 的内容未指定。
    ///
    /// 如果此函数返回错误，则无法确定已读取多少字节，但读取的字节数永远不会超过完全填充缓冲区所需的字节数。
    ///
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::io;
    /// use std::fs::File;
    /// use std::os::unix::prelude::FileExt;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
    ///     let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
    ///
    ///     // 现在，我们从偏移量 10 中正好读取了 8 个字节。
    ///     file.read_exact_at(&mut buf, 10)?;
    ///     println!("read {} bytes: {:?}", buf.len(), buf);
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    ///
    ///
    ///
    ///
    ///
    #[stable(feature = "rw_exact_all_at", since = "1.33.0")]
    fn read_exact_at(&self, mut buf: &mut [u8], mut offset: u64) -> io::Result<()> {
        while !buf.is_empty() {
            match self.read_at(buf, offset) {
                Ok(0) => break,
                Ok(n) => {
                    let tmp = buf;
                    buf = &mut tmp[n..];
                    offset += n as u64;
                }
                Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => {}
                Err(e) => return Err(e),
            }
        }
        if !buf.is_empty() {
            Err(io::Error::new_const(io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof, &"failed to fill whole buffer"))
        } else {
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    /// 从给定的偏移量开始写入多个字节。
    ///
    /// 返回写入的字节数。
    ///
    /// 偏移量相对于文件的开始，因此独立于当前游标。
    ///
    /// 当前文件游标不受此函数影响。
    ///
    /// 当写入超出文件末尾时，将适当扩展文件，并将中间字节初始化为值 0。
    ///
    ///
    /// 请注意，与 [`File::write`] 相似，返回短写也不是错误。
    ///
    /// [`File::write`]: fs::File::write
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs::File;
    /// use std::io;
    /// use std::os::unix::prelude::FileExt;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
    ///
    ///     // 现在，我们在偏移量 10 处写入。
    ///     file.write_at(b"sushi", 10)?;
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    ///
    #[stable(feature = "file_offset", since = "1.15.0")]
    fn write_at(&self, buf: &[u8], offset: u64) -> io::Result<usize>;

    /// 尝试从给定的偏移量开始写入整个缓冲区。
    ///
    /// 偏移量相对于文件的开始，因此独立于当前游标。
    ///
    /// 当前文件游标不受此函数影响。
    ///
    /// 此方法将不断地调用 [`write_at`]，直到没有更多数据要写入或返回非 [`io::ErrorKind::Interrupted`] 类型的错误为止。
    /// 在成功写入整个缓冲区或发生此类错误之前，此方法将不会返回。
    /// 将返回第一个不是由该方法生成的 [`io::ErrorKind::Interrupted`] 类型的错误。
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// 该函数将返回 [`write_at`] 返回的第一个非 [`io::ErrorKind::Interrupted`] 类型的错误。
    ///
    /// [`write_at`]: FileExt::write_at
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs::File;
    /// use std::io;
    /// use std::os::unix::prelude::FileExt;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;
    ///
    ///     // 现在，我们在偏移量 10 处写入。
    ///     file.write_all_at(b"sushi", 10)?;
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    ///
    ///
    ///
    ///
    #[stable(feature = "rw_exact_all_at", since = "1.33.0")]
    fn write_all_at(&self, mut buf: &[u8], mut offset: u64) -> io::Result<()> {
        while !buf.is_empty() {
            match self.write_at(buf, offset) {
                Ok(0) => {
                    return Err(io::Error::new_const(
                        io::ErrorKind::WriteZero,
                        &"failed to write whole buffer",
                    ));
                }
                Ok(n) => {
                    buf = &buf[n..];
                    offset += n as u64
                }
                Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => {}
                Err(e) => return Err(e),
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "file_offset", since = "1.15.0")]
impl FileExt for fs::File {
    fn read_at(&self, buf: &mut [u8], offset: u64) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.as_inner().read_at(buf, offset)
    }
    fn write_at(&self, buf: &[u8], offset: u64) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.as_inner().write_at(buf, offset)
    }
}

/// 特定于 Unix 的 [`fs::Permissions`] 扩展。
#[stable(feature = "fs_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
pub trait PermissionsExt {
    /// 返回包含该文件的标准 Unix 权限的底层原始 `st_mode` 位。
    ///
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs::File;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    ///     let f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
    ///     let metadata = f.metadata()?;
    ///     let permissions = metadata.permissions();
    ///
    ///     println!("permissions: {:o}", permissions.mode());
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "fs_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn mode(&self) -> u32;

    /// 设置此权限集的底层原始位。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs::File;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    ///     let f = File::create("foo.txt")?;
    ///     let metadata = f.metadata()?;
    ///     let mut permissions = metadata.permissions();
    ///
    ///     permissions.set_mode(0o644); // 所有者支持读写，其他人只能读。
    ///     assert_eq!(permissions.mode(), 0o644);
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "fs_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn set_mode(&mut self, mode: u32);

    /// 从给定的 Unix 权限位集中创建 `Permissions` 的新实例。
    ///
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::fs::Permissions;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
    ///
    /// // 所有者支持读写，其他人只能读。
    /// let permissions = Permissions::from_mode(0o644);
    /// assert_eq!(permissions.mode(), 0o644);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "fs_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn from_mode(mode: u32) -> Self;
}

#[stable(feature = "fs_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
impl PermissionsExt for Permissions {
    fn mode(&self) -> u32 {
        self.as_inner().mode()
    }

    fn set_mode(&mut self, mode: u32) {
        *self = Permissions::from_inner(FromInner::from_inner(mode));
    }

    fn from_mode(mode: u32) -> Permissions {
        Permissions::from_inner(FromInner::from_inner(mode))
    }
}

/// 特定于 Unix 的 [`fs::OpenOptions`] 扩展。
#[stable(feature = "fs_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
pub trait OpenOptionsExt {
    /// 设置将用于创建新文件的模式位。
    ///
    /// 如果在 `OpenOptions::open` 调用中创建了一个新文件，则此指定的 `mode` 将用作新文件的权限位。
    ///
    /// 如果未设置 `mode`，则将使用默认值 `0o666`。
    /// 操作系统用系统的 `umask` 屏蔽掉某些位，以产生最终权限。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
    ///
    /// # fn main() {
    /// let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
    /// options.mode(0o644); // 为所有者提供读写权限，为其他人提供读取权限。
    /// let file = options.open("foo.txt");
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    #[stable(feature = "fs_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn mode(&mut self, mode: u32) -> &mut Self;

    /// 将自定义标志传递给 `open` 的 `flags` 参数。
    ///
    /// 定义访问模式的位被 `O_ACCMODE` 屏蔽，以确保它们不干扰 Rusts 选项设置的访问模式。
    ///
    ///
    /// 自定义标志只能设置标志，而不能删除 Rusts 选项设置的标志。
    /// 此选项将覆盖以前设置的所有自定义标志。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #![feature(rustc_private)]
    /// extern crate libc;
    /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
    ///
    /// # fn main() {
    /// let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
    /// options.write(true);
    /// if cfg!(unix) {
    ///     options.custom_flags(libc::O_NOFOLLOW);
    /// }
    /// let file = options.open("foo.txt");
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "open_options_ext", since = "1.10.0")]
    fn custom_flags(&mut self, flags: i32) -> &mut Self;
}

#[stable(feature = "fs_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
impl OpenOptionsExt for OpenOptions {
    fn mode(&mut self, mode: u32) -> &mut OpenOptions {
        self.as_inner_mut().mode(mode);
        self
    }

    fn custom_flags(&mut self, flags: i32) -> &mut OpenOptions {
        self.as_inner_mut().custom_flags(flags);
        self
    }
}

/// 特定于 Unix 的 [`fs::Metadata`] 扩展。
#[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
pub trait MetadataExt {
    /// 返回包含文件的设备的 ID。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::io;
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let dev_id = meta.dev();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn dev(&self) -> u64;
    /// 返回索引节点号。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let inode = meta.ino();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn ino(&self) -> u64;
    /// 返回应用于此文件的权限。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let mode = meta.mode();
    ///     let user_has_write_access      = mode & 0o200;
    ///     let user_has_read_write_access = mode & 0o600;
    ///     let group_has_read_access      = mode & 0o040;
    ///     let others_have_exec_access    = mode & 0o001;
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn mode(&self) -> u32;
    /// 返回指向该文件的硬链接数。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let nb_hard_links = meta.nlink();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn nlink(&self) -> u64;
    /// 返回此文件所有者的用户标识。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let user_id = meta.uid();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn uid(&self) -> u32;
    /// 返回此文件所有者的组 ID。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let group_id = meta.gid();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn gid(&self) -> u32;
    /// 返回此文件的设备 ID (如果是特殊文件)。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let device_id = meta.rdev();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn rdev(&self) -> u64;
    /// 返回此文件的总大小 (以字节为单位)。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let file_size = meta.size();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn size(&self) -> u64;
    /// 返回文件的最后访问时间，以自 Unix 纪元以来的秒数为单位。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let last_access_time = meta.atime();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn atime(&self) -> i64;
    /// 返回文件的最后访问时间，自 [`atime`] 起以纳秒为单位。
    ///
    /// [`atime`]: MetadataExt::atime
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let nano_last_access_time = meta.atime_nsec();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn atime_nsec(&self) -> i64;
    /// 返回文件的最后修改时间，以自 Unix 纪元以来的秒数为单位。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let last_modification_time = meta.mtime();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn mtime(&self) -> i64;
    /// 返回文件的最后修改时间，自 [`mtime`] 起以纳秒为单位。
    ///
    /// [`mtime`]: MetadataExt::mtime
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let nano_last_modification_time = meta.mtime_nsec();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn mtime_nsec(&self) -> i64;
    /// 返回文件的最后状态更改时间，以自 Unix 纪元以来的秒数为单位。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let last_status_change_time = meta.ctime();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn ctime(&self) -> i64;
    /// 返回文件的最后状态更改时间，自 [`ctime`] 起以纳秒为单位。
    ///
    /// [`ctime`]: MetadataExt::ctime
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let nano_last_status_change_time = meta.ctime_nsec();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn ctime_nsec(&self) -> i64;
    /// 返回文件系统 I/O 的块大小。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let block_size = meta.blksize();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn blksize(&self) -> u64;
    /// 返回以 512 字节为单位分配给文件的块数。
    ///
    /// 请注意，当文件有 holes 时，这个值可能小于 `st_size / 512`。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("some_file")?;
    ///     let blocks = meta.blocks();
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn blocks(&self) -> u64;
    #[cfg(target_os = "vxworks")]
    #[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn attrib(&self) -> u8;
}

#[stable(feature = "metadata_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
impl MetadataExt for fs::Metadata {
    fn dev(&self) -> u64 {
        self.st_dev()
    }
    fn ino(&self) -> u64 {
        self.st_ino()
    }
    fn mode(&self) -> u32 {
        self.st_mode()
    }
    fn nlink(&self) -> u64 {
        self.st_nlink()
    }
    fn uid(&self) -> u32 {
        self.st_uid()
    }
    fn gid(&self) -> u32 {
        self.st_gid()
    }
    fn rdev(&self) -> u64 {
        self.st_rdev()
    }
    fn size(&self) -> u64 {
        self.st_size()
    }
    fn atime(&self) -> i64 {
        self.st_atime()
    }
    fn atime_nsec(&self) -> i64 {
        self.st_atime_nsec()
    }
    fn mtime(&self) -> i64 {
        self.st_mtime()
    }
    fn mtime_nsec(&self) -> i64 {
        self.st_mtime_nsec()
    }
    fn ctime(&self) -> i64 {
        self.st_ctime()
    }
    fn ctime_nsec(&self) -> i64 {
        self.st_ctime_nsec()
    }
    fn blksize(&self) -> u64 {
        self.st_blksize()
    }
    fn blocks(&self) -> u64 {
        self.st_blocks()
    }
    #[cfg(target_os = "vxworks")]
    fn attrib(&self) -> u8 {
        self.st_attrib()
    }
}

/// 特定于 Unix 的 [`fs::FileType`] 扩展。
///
/// 增加了对特殊 Unix 文件类型的支持，例如 block/character 设备，管道和套接字。
///
#[stable(feature = "file_type_ext", since = "1.5.0")]
pub trait FileTypeExt {
    /// 如果此文件类型是块设备，则返回 `true`。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::FileTypeExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("block_device_file")?;
    ///     let file_type = meta.file_type();
    ///     assert!(file_type.is_block_device());
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "file_type_ext", since = "1.5.0")]
    fn is_block_device(&self) -> bool;
    /// 如果此文件类型是 char 设备，则返回 `true`。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::FileTypeExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("char_device_file")?;
    ///     let file_type = meta.file_type();
    ///     assert!(file_type.is_char_device());
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "file_type_ext", since = "1.5.0")]
    fn is_char_device(&self) -> bool;
    /// 如果此文件类型为 fifo，则返回 `true`。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::FileTypeExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("fifo_file")?;
    ///     let file_type = meta.file_type();
    ///     assert!(file_type.is_fifo());
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "file_type_ext", since = "1.5.0")]
    fn is_fifo(&self) -> bool;
    /// 如果此文件类型是套接字，则返回 `true`。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::FileTypeExt;
    /// use std::io;
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let meta = fs::metadata("unix.socket")?;
    ///     let file_type = meta.file_type();
    ///     assert!(file_type.is_socket());
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "file_type_ext", since = "1.5.0")]
    fn is_socket(&self) -> bool;
}

#[stable(feature = "file_type_ext", since = "1.5.0")]
impl FileTypeExt for fs::FileType {
    fn is_block_device(&self) -> bool {
        self.as_inner().is(libc::S_IFBLK)
    }
    fn is_char_device(&self) -> bool {
        self.as_inner().is(libc::S_IFCHR)
    }
    fn is_fifo(&self) -> bool {
        self.as_inner().is(libc::S_IFIFO)
    }
    fn is_socket(&self) -> bool {
        self.as_inner().is(libc::S_IFSOCK)
    }
}

/// 特定于 Unix 的 [`fs::DirEntry`] 扩展方法。
#[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
pub trait DirEntryExt {
    /// 返回所包含的 `dirent` 结构中的底层 `d_ino` 字段。
    ///
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::fs;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::DirEntryExt;
    ///
    /// if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(".") {
    ///     for entry in entries {
    ///         if let Ok(entry) = entry {
    ///             // 在此，`entry` 是 `DirEntry`。
    ///             println!("{:?}: {}", entry.file_name(), entry.ino());
    ///         }
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
    fn ino(&self) -> u64;
}

#[stable(feature = "dir_entry_ext", since = "1.1.0")]
impl DirEntryExt for fs::DirEntry {
    fn ino(&self) -> u64 {
        self.as_inner().ino()
    }
}

/// [`fs::DirEntry`] 的密封 Unix 特定扩展方法。
#[unstable(feature = "dir_entry_ext2", issue = "85573")]
pub trait DirEntryExt2: Sealed {
    /// 返回指向此条目文件名的底层 `OsStr` 的引用。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(dir_entry_ext2)]
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::DirEntryExt2;
    /// use std::{fs, io};
    ///
    /// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    ///     let mut entries = fs::read_dir(".")?.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, io::Error>>()?;
    ///     entries.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.file_name_ref().cmp(b.file_name_ref()));
    ///
    ///     for p in entries {
    ///         println!("{:?}", p);
    ///     }
    ///
    ///     Ok(())
    /// }
    /// ```
    fn file_name_ref(&self) -> &OsStr;
}

/// 允许在 `std` 内扩展 traits。
#[unstable(feature = "sealed", issue = "none")]
impl Sealed for fs::DirEntry {}

#[unstable(feature = "dir_entry_ext2", issue = "85573")]
impl DirEntryExt2 for fs::DirEntry {
    fn file_name_ref(&self) -> &OsStr {
        self.as_inner().file_name_os_str()
    }
}

/// 在文件系统上创建一个新的符号链接。
///
/// `link` 路径将是指向 `original` 路径的符号链接。
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::os::unix::fs;
///
/// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
///     fs::symlink("a.txt", "b.txt")?;
///     Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "symlink", since = "1.1.0")]
pub fn symlink<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(original: P, link: Q) -> io::Result<()> {
    sys::fs::symlink(original.as_ref(), link.as_ref())
}

/// 特定于 Unix 的 [`fs::DirBuilder`] 扩展。
#[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
pub trait DirBuilderExt {
    /// 设置用于创建新目录的模式。
    /// 此选项默认为 0o777。
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::fs::DirBuilder;
    /// use std::os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt;
    ///
    /// let mut builder = DirBuilder::new();
    /// builder.mode(0o755);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
    fn mode(&mut self, mode: u32) -> &mut Self;
}

#[stable(feature = "dir_builder", since = "1.6.0")]
impl DirBuilderExt for fs::DirBuilder {
    fn mode(&mut self, mode: u32) -> &mut fs::DirBuilder {
        self.as_inner_mut().set_mode(mode);
        self
    }
}

/// 更改指定路径的所有者和组。
///
/// 将 uid 或 gid 指定为 `None` 将保持不变。
///
/// 更改所有者通常需要特权，例如 root 或特定功能。
/// 更改组通常需要成为组的所有者和成员，或者具有特权。
///
///
/// 如果在符号链接上调用，这将更改链接目标的所有者和组。
/// 要更改链接本身的所有者和组，请参见 [`lchown`]。
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// #![feature(unix_chown)]
/// use std::os::unix::fs;
///
/// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
///     fs::chown("/sandbox", Some(0), Some(0))?;
///     Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "unix_chown", issue = "88989")]
pub fn chown<P: AsRef<Path>>(dir: P, uid: Option<u32>, gid: Option<u32>) -> io::Result<()> {
    sys::fs::chown(dir.as_ref(), uid.unwrap_or(u32::MAX), gid.unwrap_or(u32::MAX))
}

/// 更改指定打开文件描述符引用的文件的所有者和组。
///
/// 有关语义和所需权限，请参见 [`chown`]。
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// #![feature(unix_chown)]
/// use std::os::unix::fs;
///
/// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
///     let f = std::fs::File::open("/file")?;
///     fs::fchown(f, Some(0), Some(0))?;
///     Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "unix_chown", issue = "88989")]
pub fn fchown<F: AsFd>(fd: F, uid: Option<u32>, gid: Option<u32>) -> io::Result<()> {
    sys::fs::fchown(fd.as_fd().as_raw_fd(), uid.unwrap_or(u32::MAX), gid.unwrap_or(u32::MAX))
}

/// 更改指定路径的所有者和组，无需解引用符号链接。
///
/// 与 [`chown`] 相同，除了如果在符号链接上调用，这将更改链接本身的所有者和组，而不是链接目标的所有者和组。
///
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// #![feature(unix_chown)]
/// use std::os::unix::fs;
///
/// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
///     fs::lchown("/symlink", Some(0), Some(0))?;
///     Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
#[unstable(feature = "unix_chown", issue = "88989")]
pub fn lchown<P: AsRef<Path>>(dir: P, uid: Option<u32>, gid: Option<u32>) -> io::Result<()> {
    sys::fs::lchown(dir.as_ref(), uid.unwrap_or(u32::MAX), gid.unwrap_or(u32::MAX))
}

/// 将当前进程的根目录更改为指定路径。
///
/// 这通常需要权限，例如 root 或特定功能。
///
/// 这不会改变当前的工作目录； 之后您应该调用 [`std::env::set_current_dir`][`crate::env::set_current_dir`]。
///
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// use std::os::unix::fs;
///
/// fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
///     fs::chroot("/sandbox")?;
///     std::env::set_current_dir("/")?;
///     // 继续在沙盒中工作
///     Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "unix_chroot", since = "1.56.0")]
#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "fuchsia", target_os = "vxworks")))]
pub fn chroot<P: AsRef<Path>>(dir: P) -> io::Result<()> {
    sys::fs::chroot(dir.as_ref())
}